Coeliac disease, is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine. When children with coeliac disease consume gluten—a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye; their immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of the small intestine. This damage hinders nutrient absorption, leading to a range of health issues.
Symptoms to Watch ForThe symptoms of Coeliac Disease in children can vary widely, and sometimes are not noticeable at all. Common signs include:
Digestive issues: Chronic diarrhoea, constipation, bloating, and abdominal pain.
Growth problems: Failure to thrive, delayed growth, and weight loss.
Behavioral changes: Irritability and mood swings, and some fussy eating.
Other symptoms: Fatigue, anaemia, and dental enamel defects, skin rash, ongoing mouth ulcers.
It’s important to note that some children may not exhibit obvious symptoms, or may display different symptoms to those described above, making the condition challenging to diagnose.
Diagnosis and Testing
If Coeliac Disease is suspected, a healthcare provider (GP, Paediatrician, Consultant) will typically recommend a blood test to look for specific antibodies. If these tests suggest Coeliac Disease, a second blood test may then be carried out to confirm, or an intestinal biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. It is crucial for children to continue consuming gluten until testing is complete, as removing gluten prematurely can affect test results, and may then need to be reintroduced for a minimum of 6 weeks again.
Managing Coeliac Disease
The only effective treatment for Coeliac Disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free (GF) diet. This means avoiding all foods containing wheat, barley, and rye. Parents should work closely with a dietitian to ensure their child’s diet is balanced and nutritious, and avoid micronutrient deficiencies. Over time, adherence to a gluten-free diet can help heal the intestinal damage and alleviate symptoms. In children it is also advised to avoid GF oats when diagnosed with Coeliac Disease- until advised by your healthcare professional.
Supporting Your Child
Managing Coeliac Disease requires vigilance, and sometimes planning, but with the right strategies, children can lead healthy, active lives.
Here are some tips:
Education: Teach your child about their condition and the importance of avoiding gluten. teaching family, friends and your child’s friends and parents can help to make everyone feel confident in providing are gluten free food.
Planning: Prepare gluten-free meals and snacks, especially for school or social events, and always having an ‘emergency snack’ if your bag. Ringing ahead to restaurants to ensure they can provide safe GF food, and what is available to help prepare expectations in advance.
Advocacy: Inform teachers, caregivers, and friends about your child’s dietary needs to prevent accidental gluten exposure. Saying no - even it is an awkward conversation if you are not sure if the food will be safe and not exposed to gluten.
Conclusion
Coeliac disease can pose significant challenges for children and their families, but with early diagnosis and careful management, children with coeliac disease can thrive. By maintaining a strict gluten-free diet and staying informed, you can help your child live a healthy, fulfilling life. If you suspect your child might have coeliac disease, consult with a healthcare provider for appropriate testing and guidance.
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